Bio-fuels do not require pilot fuel injection. Therefore there is not impact on emissions from this source. However bio-fuels may be blended with conventional fuels and these will have an impact on the overall emissions. The level of this impact depends on both the blended fuel type and the percentage used. The following refers to the bio-fuel content emissions only.

TTW CO₂ emissions are similar to conventional fuels, the level depending on the carbon content of the specific biofuel.

WTW CO₂ emissions are significantly (50% - 60%) reduced. The exact reduction is a function of the feedstock and production process employed.

SO_x emissions will be minimal as the biofuels in question do not contain sulphur

NO_x emissions are reported as varying depending on specific type of biofuel. The higher cetane number and lower LHV of HVO tends to alter the time/temperature profile of the combustion process and this affects the NO_x emissions.

PM emissions are somewhat lower for HVO but vary for other biofuels. As regards SVO the temperature at injection will affect emissions. Pre-heating of fuels (where necessary) is common in marine practice but this has not always been the case in experimental combustion of SVO.

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Further Reading